Compare Iceland (2002) - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2003)

Compare Iceland (2002) z Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2003)

	Iceland (2002)	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2003)

Administrative divisions	23 counties (syslur, singular - sysla) and 14 independent towns* (kaupstadhir, singular - kaupstadhur); Akranes, Akureyri, Arnessysla, Austur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Austur-Hunavatnssysla, Austur-Skaftafellssysla, Borgarfjardharsysla, Dalasysla, Eyjafjardharsysla, Gullbringusysla, Hafnarfjordhur, Husavik, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Kjosarsysla, Kopavogur, Myrasysla, Neskaupstadhur, Nordhur-Isafjardharsysla, Nordhur-Mulasys-la, Nordhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Olafsfjordhur, Rangarvallasysla, Reykjavik, Saudharkrokur, Seydhisfjordhur, Siglufjordhur, Skagafjardharsysla, Snaefellsnes-og Hnappadalssysla, Strandasysla, Sudhur-Mulasysla, Sudhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Vesttmannaeyjar, Vestur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Vestur-Hunavatnssysla, Vestur-Isafjardharsysla, Vestur-Skaftafellssysla note: there may be four other counties	none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
Age structure	0-14 years: 23% (male 33,189; female 31,155) 15-64 years: 65.1% (male 91,704; female 90,199) 65 years and over: 11.9% (male 14,828; female 18,309) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 25% (male 891; female 851) 15-64 years: 64.7% (male 2,306; female 2,210) 65 years and over: 10.3% (male 310; female 408) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	potatoes, turnips; cattle, sheep; fish	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports	86 (2001)	2 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 13 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 8 (2002)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 73 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 21 under 914 m: 49 (2002)	-
Area	total: 103,000 sq km land: 100,250 sq km water: 2,750 sq km	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Kentucky	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Limited home rule from Denmark was granted in 1874 and complete independence attained in 1944. Literacy, longevity, income, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards.	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Birth rate	14.37 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	14.62 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $3.5 billion expenditures: $3.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $467 million (1999)	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million (1996 est.)
Capital	Reykjavik	Saint-Pierre
Climate	temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Coastline	4,988 km	120 km
Constitution	16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Iceland conventional short form: Iceland local long form: Lydhveldidh Island local short form: Island	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Currency	Icelandic krona (ISK)	euro (EUR)
Death rate	6.93 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	6.74 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$2.6 billion (1999)	$NA
Dependency status	-	self-governing territorial collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador James I. GADSDEN embassy: Laufasvegur 21, 101 Reykjavik mailing address: US Embassy, PSC 1003, Box 40, FPO AE 09728-0340 telephone: [354] 5629100 FAX: [354] 5629139	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Helgi AGUSTSSON chancery: Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1704 telephone: [1] (202) 265-6653 FAX: [1] (202) 265-6656 consulate(s) general: New York	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Disputes - international	Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); dispute with Denmark over the Faroe Islands' fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes with Denmark, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM	none
Economic aid - donor	$NA	-
Economic aid - recipient	-	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Economy - overview	Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, yet with an extensive welfare system, low unemployment, and remarkably even distribution of income. In the absence of other natural resources (except for abundant hydrothermal and geothermal power), the economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, providing 70% of export earnings and employing 12% of the work force. The economy remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to drops in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. The center-right government plans to continue its policies of reducing the budget and current account deficits, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, diversifying the economy, and privatizing state-owned industries. The government remains opposed to EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, and new developments in software production, biotechnology, and financial services are taking place. The tourism sector is also expanding, with the recent trends in ecotourism and whale watching. Consumption, investment, and exports should recover moderately in 2003.	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.
Electricity - consumption	7.02 billion kWh (2000)	39.08 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	7.549 billion kWh (2000)	42.03 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 0% hydro: 83% nuclear: 0% other: 17% (2000)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Hvannadalshnukur 2,119 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Environment - current issues	water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation	-
Ethnic groups	homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%, population of foreign origin 6%	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Exchange rates	Icelandic kronur per US dollar - 102.430 (January 2002), 97.425 (2001), 78.616 (2000), 72.335 (1999), 70.958 (1998), 70.904 (1997)	euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996) head of government: Prime Minister David ODDSSON (since 30 April 1991) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament elections: president, which is largely a ceremonial post, elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 29 June 1996 (next to be held NA June 2004); President GRIMSSON ran unopposed in June 2000 so there were no elections; prime minister appointed by the president election results: Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON ran unopposed in 2000 and was reelected	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
Exports	$2 billion f.o.b. (2002)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	fish and fish products 70%, animal products, aluminum, diatomite, ferrosilicon	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Exports - partners	UK 18.2%, Germany 14.9%, Netherlands 10.9, US 10.3%, Portugal 5.5%, Spain 5.4%, Norway 5.3% (2001)	US 33.3%, Zambia 30.3%, Ecuador 16.2%, France 5.1%, Canada 4%, Spain 4% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions
GDP	purchasing power parity - $7.7 billion (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $74 million - supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 14% (includes fishing 12%) industry: 21% services: 65% (2001 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $27,100 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-0.7% (2002 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	65 00 N, 18 00 W	46 50 N, 56 20 W
Geography - note	strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe	vegetation scanty
Highways	total: 12,691 km paved: 3,262 km unpaved: 9,429 km (1999)	total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$2 billion (2002)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, petroleum products; foodstuffs, textiles	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Imports - partners	Germany 12.2%, US 11.1%, Denmark 8.6%, Norway 7.8%, UK 7.5%, Netherlands 6.6% (2001)	Zambia 61.5%, France 21.8%, Canada 13% (2002)
Independence	1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Industrial production growth rate	0.2% (2001 est.)	NA%
Industries	fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power; tourism	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Infant mortality rate	3.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 7.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.15 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	5% (2001 est.)	2.1% (1991-96 average)
International organization participation	Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA (observer), IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNU, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO	FZ, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	20 (2001)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force	159,000 (2000)	3,261 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 5%, fishing and fish processing 12%, manufacturing 13%, construction 11%, other services 60% (1999)	fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.06% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.94% (23% permanent pastures) (1998 est.)	arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
Languages	Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken	French (official)
Legal system	civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 8 May 1999 (next to be held by April 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - Independence Party 40.7%, Social Democratic Alliance (PA, Social Democratic Party, Women's List) 26.8%, Progressive Party 18.4%, Left-Green Alliance 9.1%, Liberal Party 4.2%; seats by party - Independence Party 26, Social Democratic Alliance 17, Progressive Party 12, Left-Green Alliance 6, Liberal Party 2	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.66 years male: 77.42 years female: 82.07 years (2002 est.)	total population: 78.11 years male: 75.82 years female: 80.51 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.9% (1997 est.) male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)
Location	Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references	Arctic Region	North America
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,816 GRT/2,500 DWT ships by type: chemical tanker 1 (2002 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	no regular armed forces; Police, Coast Guard	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$0	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 71,142 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 62,556 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 17 June (1944)	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Icelander(s) adjective: Icelandic	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
Natural hazards	earthquakes and volcanic activity	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite	fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate	-2.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-4.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Independence Party or IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-Green Alliance or LGP [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Sverrir HERMANNSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; Social Democratic Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List)or SDA [Ossur SKARPHEDINSSON]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Sighvatur BJORGVINSSON]; Women's List or WL [Kristin ASTGEIRSDOTTIR]	PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP) [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	279,384 (July 2002 est.)	6,976 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.52% (2002 est.)	0.3% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Akureyri, Hornafjordhur, Isafjordhur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vesttmannaeyjar	Saint Pierre
Radio broadcast stations	AM 3, FM about 70 (including repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	260,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	0 km
Religions	Evangelical Lutheran 87.1%, other Protestant 4.1%, Roman Catholic 1.7%, other 7.1% (2002)	Roman Catholic 99%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: extensive domestic service domestic: the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden)	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
Telephones - main lines in use	196,984 (2001)	4,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	248,131 (221,231 GSM, 26,900 NMT) (2001)	0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations	14 (plus 156 low-power repeaters) (1997)	0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Terrain	mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords	mostly barren rock
Total fertility rate	1.99 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.07 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	2.8% (2002 est.)	9.8% (1997)
Waterways	none	none

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